000079364 001__ 79364 000079364 005__ 20210310171107.0 000079364 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.031 000079364 0248_ $$2sideral$$a97852 000079364 037__ $$aART-2017-97852 000079364 041__ $$aeng 000079364 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3957-3749$$aEsteban-Zubero, Eduardo 000079364 245__ $$aMelatonin's role as a co-adjuvant treatment in colonic diseases: a review 000079364 260__ $$c2017 000079364 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000079364 5203_ $$aMelatonin is produced in the pineal gland as well as many other organs, including the enterochromaffin cells of the digestive mucosa. Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that resists oxidative stress due to its capacity to directly scavenge reactive species, to modulate the antioxidant defense system by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and to stimulate the innate immune response through its direct and indirect actions. In addition, the dysregulation of the circadian system is observed to be related with alterations in colonic motility and cell disruptions due to the modifications of clock genes expression. In the gastrointestinal tract, the activities of melatonin are mediated by melatonin receptors (MT2), serotonin (5-HT), and cholecystokinin B (CCK2) receptors and via receptor-independent processes. The levels of melatonin in the gastrointestinal tract exceed by 10–100 times the blood concentrations. Also, there is an estimated 400 times more melatonin in the gut than in the pineal gland. Gut melatonin secretion is suggested to be influenced by the food intake. Low dose melatonin treatment accelerates intestinal transit time whereas high doses may decrease gut motility. Melatonin has been studied as a co-adjuvant treatment in several gastrointestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), Crohn''s disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. The purpose of this review is to provide information regarding the potential benefits of melatonin as a co-adjuvant treatment in gastrointestinal diseases, especially IBS, Crohn''s disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. 000079364 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/B40$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/RD12-0043-0035 000079364 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc-nd$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ 000079364 590__ $$a3.234$$b2017 000079364 591__ $$aPHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY$$b78 / 261 = 0.299$$c2017$$dQ2$$eT1 000079364 591__ $$aMEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL$$b53 / 133 = 0.398$$c2017$$dQ2$$eT2 000079364 592__ $$a1.071$$b2017 000079364 593__ $$aBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)$$c2017$$dQ1 000079364 593__ $$aPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous)$$c2017$$dQ1 000079364 593__ $$aMedicine (miscellaneous)$$c2017$$dQ1 000079364 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion 000079364 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-2455-680X$$aLópez-Pingarrón, Laura$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000079364 700__ $$aAlatorre-Jiménez, Moisés Alejandro 000079364 700__ $$aOchoa-Moneo, Purificación$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000079364 700__ $$aBuisac-Ramón, Celia 000079364 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-9481-7879$$aRivas-Jiménez, Miguel$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000079364 700__ $$aCastán-Ruiz, Silvia 000079364 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-3155-3578$$aAntoñanzas-Lombarte, Ángel$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000079364 700__ $$aTan, Dun Xian 000079364 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-9507-6478$$aGarcía, José Joaquín$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000079364 700__ $$aReiter, Russel J. 000079364 7102_ $$11005$$2410$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Farmacología y Fisiolog.$$cÁrea Fisiología 000079364 7102_ $$11007$$2610$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Medicina, Psiqu. y Derm.$$cArea Medicina 000079364 773__ $$g170 (2017), 72-81 [49 p.]$$pLife sci.$$tLIFE SCIENCES$$x0024-3205 000079364 8564_ $$s813978$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/79364/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yPostprint 000079364 8564_ $$s59018$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/79364/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yPostprint 000079364 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:79364$$particulos$$pdriver 000079364 951__ $$a2021-03-10-17:01:11 000079364 980__ $$aARTICLE