000070218 001__ 70218
000070218 005__ 20200117221640.0
000070218 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/su10030723
000070218 0248_ $$2sideral$$a105472
000070218 037__ $$aART-2018-105472
000070218 041__ $$aeng
000070218 100__ $$aPalacios, J.L.
000070218 245__ $$aExergoecology assessment of mineral exports from Latin America: Beyond a tonnage perspective
000070218 260__ $$c2018
000070218 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000070218 5203_ $$aLatin America has traditionally been a raw material supplier since colonial times. In this paper, we analyze mineral exports from an exergoecology perspective from twenty countries in Latin American (LA-20). We apply material flow analysis (MFA) principles along with the concept of the exergy replacement cost (ERC), which considers both quantity and thermodynamic quality of minerals, reflecting their scarcity in the crust. ERC determines the energy that would be required to recover minerals to their original conditions in the mines once they have been totally dispersed into the Earth''s crust, with prevailing technology. Using ERC has helped us identify the importance of certain traded minerals that could be overlooked in a traditional MFA based on a mass basis only. Our method has enabled us to determine mineral balance, both in mass (tonnes) and in ERC terms (Mtoe). Using indicators, both in mass and ERC, we have assessed the self-sufficiency and dependency of the region. We have also analyzed the mineral exports flows from Latin America for 2013. Results show that half of the mineral production from LA-20 was mainly exported. High-quality minerals, such as, gold, silver, and aluminum were largely exported to China and the United States. Extraction of high-quality minerals also implies higher losses of natural stock and environmental overburdens in the region.
000070218 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
000070218 590__ $$a2.592$$b2018
000070218 591__ $$aENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES$$b105 / 250 = 0.42$$c2018$$dQ2$$eT2
000070218 591__ $$aGREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY$$b3 / 6 = 0.5$$c2018$$dQ2$$eT2
000070218 591__ $$aENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES$$b44 / 116 = 0.379$$c2018$$dQ2$$eT2
000070218 591__ $$aGREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY$$b20 / 35 = 0.571$$c2018$$dQ3$$eT2
000070218 592__ $$a0.549$$b2018
000070218 593__ $$aGeography, Planning and Development$$c2018$$dQ2
000070218 593__ $$aRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment$$c2018$$dQ2
000070218 593__ $$aManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law$$c2018$$dQ2
000070218 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000070218 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-9263-7321$$aCalvo, G.
000070218 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0702-733X$$aValero, A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000070218 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3330-1793$$aValero, A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000070218 7102_ $$15004$$2590$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Mecánica$$cÁrea Máquinas y Motores Térmi.
000070218 773__ $$g10, 3 (2018), 723 [18 pp]$$pSustainability (Basel)$$tSustainability (Switzerland)$$x2071-1050
000070218 8564_ $$s605437$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/70218/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000070218 8564_ $$s110576$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/70218/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000070218 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:70218$$particulos$$pdriver
000070218 951__ $$a2020-01-17-22:04:00
000070218 980__ $$aARTICLE