000057801 001__ 57801
000057801 005__ 20201105083204.0
000057801 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1186/s12862-016-0812-z
000057801 0248_ $$2sideral$$a97136
000057801 037__ $$aART-2016-97136
000057801 041__ $$aeng
000057801 100__ $$aMaurin, O.
000057801 245__ $$aDiversification into novel habitats in the Africa clade of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae): erect habit and elephant's foot tubers
000057801 260__ $$c2016
000057801 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000057801 5203_ $$aBackground: Dioscorea is a widely distributed and highly diversified genus in tropical regions where it is represented by ten main clades, one of which diversified exclusively in Africa. In southern Africa it is characterised by a distinct group of species with a pachycaul or "elephant''s foot" structure that is partially to fully exposed above the substrate. In contrast to African representatives of the genus from other clades, occurring mainly in forest or woodland, the pachycaul taxa and their southern African relatives occur in diverse habitats ranging from woodland to open vegetation. Here we investigate patterns of diversification in the African clade, time of transition from forest to more open habitat, and morphological traits associated with each habitat and evaluate if such transitions have led to modification of reproductive organs and mode of dispersal. Results: The Africa clade originated in the Oligocene and comprises four subclades. The Dioscorea buchananii subclade (southeastern tropical Africa and South Africa) is sister to the East African subclade, which is respectively sister to the recently evolved sister South African (e. g., Cape and Pachycaul) subclades. The Cape and Pachycaul subclades diversified in the east of the Cape Peninsula in the mid Miocene, in an area with complex geomorphology and climate, where the fynbos, thicket, succulent karoo and forest biomes meet. Conclusions: Diversification out of forest is associated with major shifts in morphology of the perennial tuber (specifically an increase in size and orientation which presumably led them to become pachycaul) and rotation of stem (from twining to non-twining). The iconic elephant''s foot morphology, observed in grasslands and thicket biomes, where its corky bark may offer protection against fire and herbivory, evolved since mid Miocene. A shift in pollination trait is observed within the forest, but entry into open habitat does not show association with reproductive morphology, except in the seed wing, which has switched from winged all round the seed margin to just at the base or at the apex of it, or has been even replaced by an elaiosome.
000057801 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
000057801 590__ $$a3.221$$b2016
000057801 591__ $$aEVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY$$b17 / 48 = 0.354$$c2016$$dQ2$$eT2
000057801 591__ $$aGENETICS & HEREDITY$$b65 / 166 = 0.392$$c2016$$dQ2$$eT2
000057801 592__ $$a2.005$$b2016
000057801 593__ $$aEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics$$c2016$$dQ1
000057801 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000057801 700__ $$aMuasya, A.M.
000057801 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-7793-5259$$aCatalan, P.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000057801 700__ $$aShongwe, E.Z.
000057801 700__ $$aViruel, J.
000057801 700__ $$aWilkin, P.
000057801 700__ $$aVan, der Bank
000057801 7102_ $$15011$$2063$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. CC.Agrar.y Medio Natural$$cÁrea Botánica
000057801 773__ $$g16, 1 (2016), 1-17$$pBMC Evol. Biol.$$tBMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY$$x1471-2148
000057801 8564_ $$s3148432$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/57801/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000057801 8564_ $$s99871$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/57801/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000057801 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:57801$$particulos$$pdriver
000057801 951__ $$a2020-11-05-08:18:03
000057801 980__ $$aARTICLE